Résumé

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a severe vascular-renal pathology and a significant source of maternal and fetal mortality. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with this mortality in four public hospitals in Bujumbura in order to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, and analytical study conducted over two years. Including all pre-eclamptic patients, data were collected via KoboCollect and analyzed using SPSS (significance threshold p < 0.05). Results: Out of 29,515 deliveries, 384 cases of pre-eclampsia were identified, 319 of which were analyzed. The condition predominates in the 19-34 age group (72.7%). Risk factors include primigestity (41.4%), primiparity (19.3%), age > 35 years (17.4%), and a history of gestational hypertension (15.2%). 54.5% of patients were referred cases. Maternal complications were dominated by eclampsia (12.5%). Patients who had fewer than three ultrasounds had a 3.5 times higher risk of maternal death and a 4.7 times higher risk of fetal death compared to those with adequate follow-up (p < 0.001). Fetal complications included prematurity (69.5%), hypotrophy (27.8%), intrauterine death (19.1%), and acute fetal distress (15.0%). Conclusion: A true public health problem, pre-eclampsia exposes patients to high morbidity. The implementation of rigorous prenatal care, early screening for signs of severity, and rapid management remain the most effective ways to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

Mot-clés :

Pre-Eclampsia, Maternal And Fetal Mortality, Associated Factors, Bujumbura